Racial Divide In America Health And Social Care Essay

The United States wellbeing consideration framework is viewed as missing when contrasted with other created states. The issues refering the nature of wellbeing consideration raises enraptured contention over the state, yet everybody concurs that in general, the U.S. wellbeing consideration framework is one of the better consideration frameworks known to man. In spite of massive contributing and immutable changes, there is an overwhelming natural structure of writing back uping racial dissimilarity in the health consideration framework, especially among African-Americans. This paper investigates the foundations for the difference in health consideration that beat African-Americans. The surveies on wellbeing consideration divergence divide basic choice that African-Americans experience the ill effects of horrendous health consideration impediments. Exploration has other than indicated that African Americans have higher mortality and horribleness rates1. They experience hapless health runing from baby mortality and diabetes to heart ailment, HIV/AIDS, and different unwellnesss. 2 There are numerous elements loaning to distinction in the wellbeing consideration quality among the races. One of the most perpetual and regular recorded factor is the financial factor. It is acceptable archived and perceived that difference in financial across racial and social gatherings correlatives to divergence in the health consideration. 3 SES influences handiness to quality wellbeing consideration and better populating rule which prompts sound eating regimen. It other than influences guidance quality that has derivation for future turn of events. An ongoing investigation of 1991 to 2000 mortality informations reasoned that, had death paces of African Americans been commensurate to that of Whites, more than 880,000 expires could hold been prevented.4 These 800,000 African americans kicked the bucket due to hapless health quality and indiscretion on the provider ‘s side. In add-on, African American children are a few times more probable than white infants to hold low birth weight-a cardinal file of infant mortality.5 Even subsequent to telling monetary components, surveies show that African-Americans get more unfortunate quality mediation than their white inverse numbers with same protection. So for what reason are African Americans having hapless quality health consideration? The answer to this request includes a mind boggling natural structure of history of bigotry, health consideration development and A ; strategy and ecological elements that has put minorities ‘ wellbeing off guard. In the days of old, a turning figure of examination depended on financial position factor to explain the racial uniqueness. In ongoing mature ages, racial partialities are acceptable perceived and reported to elucidate the distinction in health quality. Indeed, in the latest investigation by Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) , they discovered solid grounds that racial preference, partiality, categorizing, and clinical uncertainness other than play a capacity. 6 In the book Health Care divergence in the United States by Donald Barr, he reasons that â€Å" oblivious bias † is the central reason for dissimilarity in the wellbeing care7. Dr Barr applies that most specialists convey oblivious bias when they treat patients of contrasting social or racial foundation. Test surveies other than affirm that specialists can keep negative convictions about their minority patients. The negative generalizations in twist influence the kind of intercession or remedy offered to them. Hence the distinction in intercession and need health among African Americans is to a great extent because of their primary care physician ‘s bias.8 These preferences come from race as a cultural structure that existed from quite a while in the past and keeps on making so. The distinction in wellbeing consideration intercession dependent on race roots from U.S. history of bigotry dependent on negative generalizing that tormented the state for decennaries. The oblivious racial bias held by specialists completely can non represent the uniqueness. The development of health consideration framework, and arrangements in which the consideration is given, other than add to the imbalance of wellbeing consideration. For representation, nature of wellbeing consideration assets relies upon the region where health focus is found. Numerous Afro-american regions are incredibly isolated from white networks. In such nations, specialists experience more noteworthy difficulties getting to great specializers, indicative creative mind, and non-crisis permission of their patients to the clinic, than specialists who serve prevalently non-minority patients.9 The other outcome of race is its conclusion on the person. Individual ‘s racial uniqueness can do them to be inclined to specific maladies like chest illnesses, higher blood power per unit region due to underscore, and preference exposed to them. There is a figure of examination that truly underpins this. Truth be told Dr. Arline Geronimus of University of Michigan proposed the â€Å" enduring † theory, which expresses that Afro-american experience early health weakness as an impact of the total effect of perpetual involvement in cultural or financial difficulty and political marginalization.10 From 1990, the racial difference drew genuine going to from outside natural structures like United Nations and World Health consideration organization.11 Ever since so these outside natural structures have been squeezing U.S. specialists to take activities. There has been part done to report the variations and embroil approaches to decrease the spread. In specific nations, health consideration for African Americans appear to better, yet from a greater position the nature of wellbeing consideration appears to build little or no adjustment by any stretch of the imagination. For case, among African Americans, expire rates from chest infection were 10 % lower than in White people in 1980, yet 30 % higher in 200012. Malignant growth is the second-driving reason for perish in the United States and African-Americans have moved from holding an expire rate from harmful neoplastic illness underneath that for Whites in1950 to a rate 30 % higher than for Whites in 200013. Such insights calls for genuine contention, it is dismal to see broadening racial dissimilarity of wellbeing consideration in an express that has the most elevated Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . Studies point to better approaches to consolidate racial determiners as cardinal variables to better the wellbeing consideration for minorities. Dr. Barr in his choice requires an expansion in minorities in the health consideration experts. The racial dissimilarity in wellbeing consideration is an outcome of cooperation of race with financial factor, health consideration development, ecological conditions and biass. Only as racial biass still relate in today ‘s universe, the institutional prejudice in health consideration other than relates. The racial divergence in the United States is a significant issue that requires advancement and administrative joining in. There has been parcel done to connect the spread, yet tiny has improved. This issue requires assembles for various experts to work. End Notes Kaplan, H Roy. The Myth of Post-Racial America. Old line state: Rowman and A ; Littlefield Education, 2011. Kahng, Sang Kyoung. â€Å" Can Racial Disparity in Health among Black and White Americans Be Attributed to Racial Disparities in Body Weight and Socio financial Status? † Health and A ; SocialWork, November 2010, 257-66. Kahng, Sang Kyoung 2 S.H. Woolf et al. , â€Å" The wellbeing effect of choosing racial variations: An investigation of US mortality informations † , Public Health 2078, 2078-81 ( 2004 ) . Board on Health Science Policy: Unequal mediation: Confronting Racial and social variations in Health Care, Consensus Report, March 20, 2003. Board on Health Science Policy 4 Barr, Donald, A. Wellbeing Disparities in the United States: Social Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Health. Old line express: The Johns Hopkins University Press.2008. Barr, Donald, A. 7 Dolores Acevedo-Garcia et al. , â€Å" Unequal Health Outcomes in the United States † , A Report to the U.N. Board on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, January 2008. Arline T. Geronimus, ScD, Margaret Hicken, MPH, Danya Keene, MAT, and John Bound, PhD, â€Å" Weathering † and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States † , American Journal of Public Health, May 2006, Vol 96, No. 5 Kim, E Annice, Kumanyika Shiriki, Igweatu Daniel, and Kim, Son-Ho. â€Å" Coverage and Framing of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in US Newspapers, 1996-2005. † American Journal of Public Health, Supplement 2010, 224-31 Airhihenbuwa, O. Collins, and A ; Liburd, Leandris. â€Å" Eliminating Health Disparities in the African American Population: The Interface of Culture, Gender, and Power † Health Education and A ; Behavior, August 2006, 488-501 Airhihenbuwa, O. Collins, and A ; Liburd, Leandris 12

Pesticide Essays - Pesticides, Environmental Health, Biocides

Pesticide Pesticides are synthetic substances that make our produce great, and our yards free of bothers. In any case, this flawlessness includes some significant downfalls to a wide range of individuals. Pesticides are harms with the sole motivation behind executing. They are expected to execute weeds, creepy crawlies and growth. There are three sorts of pesticides called herbicides, bug sprays, and fungicides. Each pesticide has a functioning fixing, and a latent fixing. The dynamic fixing is the toxic substance that executes he bother, and the inactive fixing is the conveying, or spreading compound. (Nectar pg. 2) Pesticides were once thought of as a marvel solution for hunger. They should keep crops liberated from bothers, and misquitos leveled out. Individuals didn't know about the threats that these toxic substances had. DDT* should be a, supporter for all mankind (Honey pg. 2). There were not many guidelines on the utilization of DDT use. It was even showered where youngsters played. It was expected to murder misquitos, however it wound up harming, in any event, slaughtering individuals. (Nectar pg.2) Elizabeth Rollings says that one of her educators, Mrs. Keller, had a sister that kicked the bucket from DDT harming when Mrs. Keller was a youngster. Individuals came to her home that showered the hedges with DDT to control misquitos, and when Mrs. Keller and her sister played close to the brambles they were presented to the savage toxic substance. Presently a days the U.S. has seen the risks that pesticides have what's more, restricted numerous sorts from use in this nation. In any case, the U.S. presently can't seem to boycott them from being made here and sent out to remote nations. Truth be told, 25 tons are traded each hour. (Nectar pg. 1) There are three principle issues with this: the guidelines are low in the spots the U.S. fares to, huge numbers of the individuals in those spots are unconscious of the risks, and the pesticides can return on the produce that the U.S. imports. A particular case of how ignorant the individuals are is an occurrence in Costa Rica. The field laborers in a sugar estate were not recounted the perils of the pesticides that they applied, and they were not given any defensive garments. Huge numbers of them went shirtless, and in tennis shoes without any socks. They had utilized this pesticide for a few days when numerous started to grumble of cerebral pain and sickness; some started to upchuck blood. One man passed on, yet luckily the issue was found so as to treat the remainder of the laborers before they passed on. One more of the issues that emerge from pesticide exportation is getting it back in the produce we import from these nations. 33% of the toxin restricted in the U.S. returns in what is being known as the hover of toxic substance, which is when pesticides that are sent out and utilized on produce that arrival on the produce, back to the individuals it was being intended to fend off from. (Scanlan pg.1) To maintain a strategic distance from this, numerous individuals are shopping at wellbeing food stores where pesticides have not been utilized on the food. There is an essential movement that happens when the body is harmed by a pesticide. First there is a biochemical inactivation of a catalyst. Next this biochemical change prompts cell change. At that point the cell change causes manifestations of harming seen or felt in the specific organ where the catalyst that was deactivated was. This changes a body's homeostasis*, and when homeostasis can not be kept up or reestablished, illness happens. Most impacts aren't perpetual, however may take a long time to totally recoup from. In any case, some reason perpetual harm. The harm of pesticide harming differs. It can impact only one specific organ framework, or it can impact various organ frameworks.( GTI. Indications of Poisonous Effects. pg 1) Another issue that pesticide harming have is location. A past filled with being presented to synthetic compounds can cause sickness that can be difficult to recognize from a viral disease, for example, this season's cold virus. One may go to long without treatment thinking they have an infection that they will in the end survive, when actually they have been harmed by pesticides, which can lead to more terrible and more regrettable harm after some time. Individuals who handle synthetic compounds every now and again over the span of their occupations and become sick, should tell their doctors about their past presentation to synthetic concoctions. (GTI Manifestations of Toxic Effects) The insights of damage from pesticides are various. Every year 25 million individuals, principally from the Southern Hemisphere, are harmed through word related introduction to pesticides; of those 220,000 bite the dust. Pesticides have been connected to malignancy in numerous

How to Reduce Your Avoidance Behaviors

How to Reduce Your Avoidance Behaviors Panic Disorder Coping Print How to Reduce Your Panic-Related Avoidance Behaviors Avoidance Only Increases Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Updated on June 25, 2019 undefined / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Avoidance behaviors are any actions a person takes to escape from difficult thoughts and feelings. These behaviors can occur in many different ways and may include actions that a person does or does not do. People with panic disorder often take on avoidance behaviors to sidestep fearful thoughts, feelings of dread, and overall anxiety-related symptoms. As a person dealing with panic and anxiety, you may already be familiar with acting out of avoidance. These behaviors can have a negative impact on many aspects of your life, including your career, relationships, and personal interests or hobbies. You may find yourself avoiding job opportunities, social events, and even friendships in an attempt to keep your anxiety at bay. Effects of Avoidance Behaviors Aside from restricting your life, avoidance behaviors often have the opposite effect than what is desired. While in the short run you may experience a temporary sense of relief, in the long run, avoidance actually leads to increased anxiety. When avoiding places, people, and events, the panic sufferer is really trying to get away from her feelings of anxiety. However, every time she escapes these anxiety-inducing thoughts and feelings, she is actually reinforcing them. She is sending the message to herself that the world is a dangerous place. In the end, she may become increasingly afraid of more and more stimuli, allowing for the ?cycle of anxiety to intensify. Why Avoidance Coping Creates Additional Stress People who live with avoidance are often depriving themselves of many experiences, adventures, and connections. Panic-related avoidance behaviors may be preventing you from living your life to the fullest. Read ahead for some tips on how to reduce your anxiety-related avoidance behaviors. Recognize When It’s Happening In order to change any maladaptive behavior, you must first start becoming aware of when it’s occurring. At the end of each day, stop and reflect on how you engaged in avoidance behaviors throughout your day. Write down any that stand out. You may have noticed how you did this in small ways. For example, perhaps you stayed away from a co-worker because you felt anxious about talking with him. Once you start to consistently track your actions, you may be surprised to find out that you are participating in more avoidance behaviors than you previously thought.   You may also notice big ways in which you engaged in avoidance, such as taking a different route to work to avoid highway driving because it makes you feel anxious. Only by making an effort to notice these actions will you be ready to change them. Finding Trust and Support The key to overcoming avoidance behaviors is to continue to slowly face what you are avoiding until it no longer has such a grip on you. Of course, doing so is far  easier said than done. That is why it is recommended that you don’t face previously avoided situations alone, but rather engage in them with a trusted friend or family member by your side. Let your friend know that the situation you are stepping into is usually a source of anxiety. Have a backup plan ready should things go sideways. For example, is attending a large social event that you would normally avoid, talk beforehand about what you’ll need if you feel uncomfortable. Prepare your loved one to give you space if you should want a few minutes alone to manage your anxiety. Perhaps you will forewarn her that you will need to leave if symptoms become unmanageable. Regardless of your plan, make sure your loved one is aware of it so that she will know what to expect should your anxiety arise. Explaining Your Panic Disorder to Friends and Family It is important to note that you never should rely on one person to buffer your feelings of anxiety at all times. By doing so, you may accidentally create a shift in avoidance where you become overly dependent on this person. Eventually, you will want to step into the previously avoidances alone. Your loved one may still be supporting you from a distance, but it is only when you move forward alone that you can truly overcome your avoidance behaviors. Develop Ways to Cope With Your Anxiety Your avoidance behaviors revolve around not wanting to experience anxiety or other symptoms of panic disorder. The most effective way to get past this fear is to learn techniques that will help you control your symptoms. Coping skills can help you keep your anxiety in check and may even assist in managing your panic attacks. Such skills can be learned through the help of a therapist or on your own by using self-help books. Some common strategies to aid in coping with anxiety include: Deep breathing exercisesProgressive muscle relaxationAnxiety trackingCognitive restructuring Professional Help Is Available Not every panic disorder sufferer will experience avoidance behaviors, however, many will find that these issues put excessive restrictions on their lives. If you are finding that your avoidance behaviors are unmanageable and out-of-control, it may be time to seek professional help. Getting professional help with your symptoms is by no means a failure on your part. In fact, many people with panic disorder have found that they recover quicker through treatment.

Essay on Anselm’s Philosophy - 1553 Words

Anselm’s Philosophy Anselms definition of AGod starts by saying that God is the greatest being we can possibly think of. When Anselm states this, it essentially means that it is not possible to think of a being greater than God. Anselm also states that if God is the greatest thinkable being, he is referring to the fact that it would be impossible to imagine or to create in ones mind someone or something being better than God. Therefore, it would be impossible to say that God only exists in ones mind because it is much greater to exist in reality than it is to exist only in ones mind. Anselm then suggests that God has many attributes which describe him. Among these being: self-existent, a necessary being, omnipotent, omniscient,†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the conclusion that God does not exist must be false. Anselm then believes that the opposite of this supposition must then be true. A perfect God must actually must exist in reality. Otherwise, God would not be totally perfect. Existence is perfection. AIt is one thing for something to exist in a persons thought and quite another for the person to think that thing to exist. (Anselm Chapter 2) A modern day example of Anselms theory is that if I can really imagine a perfect girl for me. This girl would actually exist somewhere in the world. A girl with all of the best qualities that I can possibly imagine someone as having. She would be everything that I am looking for. According to Anselms beliefs, she would most defiantly exist. AFor if it exists only in the understanding , it can be thought to exist in reality as well, which is greater. (Anselm p.380 Chap.2) Anselm uses Gods definition to argue that God cannot be thought not to exist. Anselm does this by stating that God cannot even be thought not to exist, not only is his existence a fact but his non-existence is completely impossible. He confirms this by saying AAnd indeed whatever exists except you alone can be thought of as not existing. You alone of all things most truly exists and thus enjoy existence to the fullest degree of all things, because nothing else exists so undoubtedly, and thus everythingShow MoreRelatedKant And Anselm : Argument For God s Existence1129 Words   |  5 Pagescan be conceptualized. This means that the senses of man are enough to act as proof of the presence of a being higher and more powerful than him. Philosophy allows for proof to be logical and factual as well as imaginative. From this point, the objection to an idea or imagination such as the existence of God makes his presence even more realistic. Anselm’s argument, therefore, provides the idea of God’s existence as reality rather than an abstract. Existence is a property of the mind and perfectionRead MoreKant And Anselm : Argument For God s Existence1142 Words   |  5 Pagescan be conceptualized. This means that the senses of man are enough to act as proof of the presence of a being higher and more powerful than hi m. Philosophy allows for proof to be logical and factual as well as imaginative. From this point, the objection to an idea or imagination such as the existence of God makes his presence even more realistic. Anselm’s argument, therefore, provides the idea of God’s existence as reality rather than an abstract. Existence is a property of the mind and perfectionRead MoreThe Role of Reason in Human Behavior Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagestakes precedent over the yearnings and assertiveness of humans. Even though the Freud and Thomas Hobbes did not exactly agreed on Plato and Aristotle theory on human behavior, they all disagreed on the theory that Jean-Paul Sartre had to offer to philosophy. As for as Sartre theory he believed that human do not have a purpose on this earth unless they decide to create a purpose for themselves. 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How seriously does this undermine the design argumentRead MoreEssay about Ontological Argument Critique 857 Words   |  4 Pagesmust be studied to ensure that mistakes are not repeated. One such argument is the Ontological Argument. This argument was first recorded by St. Anslem (1033-1109). Descartes adapts this argument in the fifth meditation in ‘Meditations on First Philosophy.’ He first establishes that whenever he thinks about a triangle, there are certain properties that must be present in order for the form to be a triangle. Further â€Å"even if perhaps no such figure exists, or has ever existed, anywhere outside my thought†

The Grinch Movie Analysis - 1125 Words

In the movie How the Grinch Stole Christmas, one of the characters, the Grinch, is a fictional holiday antagonist, his only goal is to stop Christmas from happening (Howard, 2000). The Grinch lives alone on top of Mount Crumpits outside of Whoville, his age is undisclosed but appears to be around 40 years in age and is unemployed. He does not have any social relationships to friends or citizens of Whoville, and rather spend his time alone. The only social companion the Grinch has is his dog Max. Additionally, there is no history of drug or alcohol use. Antisocial Personality Disorder is more prevalent in men than in women, and is characterized by a callous unconcern for the feelings of others. The person disregards social norms and†¦show more content†¦The Grinch had total disregard to the law, he purposely mixed up people’s mail, just for fun. He broke into everyone’s house in Whoville and stole their Christmas trees and presents while pretending to be Santa C laus. Additionally, the Grinch lied to Cindy Lou Who when she asked why he was stealing her Christmas tree, he said he was stealing it to fix the light bulbs. He also lied to himself, blaming others for his unhappiness. The Grinch also displayed impulsive and aggressive behaviour, while in Whoville a childhood bully (the Mayor) makes a joke at him, the Grinch loses it destroys the town tree and causes havoc. He shows no restraint. The Grinch failed to think ahead that he would not run into someone while stealing Christmas items out of homes, he did think about how his actions would affect the citizens of Whoville. He also did not plan how to get back up the Mountain, so he made his dog pull the heavy sled which also put his dog at risk of being injured. The Grinch did not care for people’s safety especially his dog max. He didn’t care that he was ruining Christmas for little Children. He also did not regard the safety for himself, the Grinch eats glass and displays an unhealthy living style. Also, the Grinch’s concern for his small heart can also be viewed as unhealthy. The Grinch had no regrets for what he had done, he showed lack of remorse. He did not regret what he did to those people, he wasShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper on Dr. Seuss1331 Words   |  6 PagesSeuss was born on March 2, 1994 and from there the world was changed. Theodore Geisel is a charismatic man who put his lively personality into his fun and lighthearted books like Green Eggs and Ham, The classic Cat in the Hat, and the iconic How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Born on March 2,1904 in Springfield, Massachusetts Theodore Seuss Geisel made his way into the world. His mother Henrietta and Theodore were very busy people. His father managed the family brewery and later supervised Springfield’sRead MoreLiterary Interpretations Of The Sneetches1868 Words   |  8 Pageseducation of youth for close to 80 years. This includes even after his death, through the continuing legacy of his books. The books have also made him a worldwide pop culture phenomenon. Their widely successful movie adaptations, such as The Cat in the Hat or an even better example, How the Grinch Stole Christmas which has become a holiday franchise of its own, help to carry the stories of Seuss into the 21st century. However, looking through youthful eyes at the bright colorful cartoons and marvelingRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 PagesCarroll (1832-1898), author of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, was a mathematician, logician, and polit ical scientist. Carroll loved careful reasoning about puzzling things. Here Carroll’s Alice presents a nice bit of economic analysis. At ï ¬ rst glance, it may seem that Alice is talking nonsense, but, indeed, her reasoning is impeccable. â€Å"I should like to buy an egg, please.† she said timidly. â€Å"How do you sell them?† â€Å"Fivepence farthing for one—twopence for two,† the Sheep replied

Glue Sniffing Practices Street Children Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Harmonizing to Child Workers In Nepal Concerned Centre street kids are those who are wholly street based, working and populating in the street.They could be orphans or abandoned kids or merely ignored or runways they could be with or without household. They could hold small or no contact with their several households. We will write a custom essay sample on Glue Sniffing Practices Street Children Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The job of street kids is cosmopolitan and is relatively really high in those states where there is rapid urbanisation. The figure of street kids has grown in recent decennaries because of broad spread recession, political convulsion, civil agitation, increasing household decomposition, natural catastrophe and turning urbanisation. [ 1 ] Street kids are among the high hazard and insecure group and they are accordingly more vulnerable to assorted types of substance maltreatment, and most common types are dissolvers and inhalants. [ 1 ] WHO estimates that globally,25 % to 90 % of street kids involved in substance maltreatment. Problem statement Global Harmonizing to WHO appraisal, there are more so 100 million street kids in the universe and more so 25 million are from developing states and most of them are adolescent. A study based on study conducted by WHO indicated that it reaches about 25-30 million in developed states. [ 2 ] Surveies suggest that 80-90 % of street kids in Latin America have some contact with their households. Surveys besides indicate that street kids in Latin America are 8-17 old ages old, with 9 old ages old being the mean age upon come ining the street. Girls consist 10-15 % of street kids and Black and assorted race kids may be over-represented among street kids in the part. [ 3 ] Street kids cited a figure of grounds for being on the streets. These includes gaining income, being orphaned, maltreatment by stepfathers/stepmothers/some relations, unequal attention and support by parents or defenders and peer force per unit area. Although substance abuse among kids in India has been documented for over a decennary, volatile substance abuse ( VSM ) is a relatively recent phenomenon there.. Reported sensed benefits include enhanced physical strength, decreased shyness, sleep initiation, experiencing good, and blunting physical and psychological hurting. Identified hazard factors include domestic force, a dictatorial male parent, presence of stepparents, migratory position, and substance usage in the household. [ 4 ] A survey on street kids in Delhi among 115 male street kids aged 6-16 revealed that more than half of the topics had indulged in substance usage before coming to the observation place. The agents consumed were nicotine, inhalants, intoxicant and cannabis.Substance usage in street kids is associated with unstable places and ill-treatment. [ 5 ] There are an estimated 3,500-5,000 street kids populating on the streets of Lahore, Pakistan. A disproportional figure of these kids use drugs and engage in survival sex as get bying mechanisms. Of the entire sample, 17.0 % reported ne’er holding used drugs, 15.9 % reported being former drug users, and 67.1 % reported holding used drugs in the month before enrollment. Participants were 96 % male childs with a average age of 13 old ages. The average length of life on the streets was 18 months, and 52.7 % had of all time been arrested by the constabulary. Odd occupations, beggary, and pickpocketing were the primary beginnings of reported income. [ 6 ] A cross-sectional analytical survey of street kids on local authorities country of South western Niegeria showed that, the average age was 16.2 A ± 1.3 old ages, and there were more males ( 58.3 % ) than females. Most of the respondents ( 65 % ) were still populating with their parents. Fifty-three per cent of the respondents were current psychotropic substance users and the five commonest substances used were kola nut ( 58.6 % ) , intoxicant ( 43.6 % ) , baccy ( 41.4 % ) , marijuana ( 25.4 % ) and â€Å" sokudaye † Similarly, low connection with female parent and friends and low parental presence were significantly associated with current substance usage. [ 7 ] ( mentions: relationship as determiners of substance usage amongst street kids in a local authorities country in south western Niegeria. ) National In 1992 CWIN estimated that around 5000 have landed on the street of metropoliss of Nepal.Furthermore, the population of the street kids in Kathmandu entirely estimated by CWIN was around 1200 in 1996.CWIN was reported 330 new street kids in kthmandu in 1997 ; nevertheless they estimated entire figure around 1000. Their figure has shot up three creases within 10 old ages A ; this job in Nepal will present a existent menace in future, particularly if the current tendencies towards unsupervised urbanisation continues. [ 8 ] In Nepal, the sum estimated figure of street kids is 40,000, in urban Centres. CWIN estimates that there are about 800-900 street kids in Kathmandu vale. [ 8 ] Harmonizing to CWIN, the overall usage of baccy is 55 % among street kids. Between 25-90 % of street kids use substances of one sort or other. Glue sniffing is emerging tendency in Nepal. It is fast going an dependence among street kids in Kathmandu.the current prevelant of glue whiffing among street kids is 51.7 % in Kathmandu valley.19.7 % have started utilizing glue two old ages ago,34.4 % started a twelvemonth ago and 27.9 % started merely few months back. [ 9 ] Glue sniffing can be termed as ‘group activity’among street children.95.1 % kids use gum with friends,77 % usage gum in equal influence and 60.7 % kids sniff glue day-to-day. [ 9 ] Rationale of the survey ( justification ) Glue sniffing and street kids both are major public wellness every bit good as societal job in Nepal. Harmonizing to UN convention on the right of kid, every kid has the right to profit from societal security A ; protection from development and drug maltreatment ; glue sniffing among street kids is comparatively new tendency and seems to be increasing in dismaying gait around the universe and in Nepal excessively. Besides as a personal intrest of kid and adolescent wellness, it is traveling to carry on. Research inquiry 1 ) what is the position of glue whiffing among street kids? 2 ) what are the assorted factors which contribute street kids to whiff gum? Aims 1 ) General aim: To happen out the position of gum sniffing and factors impacting it among street kids. 2 ) specific aims: I ) to place the form and frequence of glue sniffing. two ) to place the grounds why street kids sniff gum. three ) to measure the cognition about harmful effects of glue sniffing. Variables Dependent variable Glue whiffing two ) Independent variable A ) demographic variable a ) Age of the street kids B ) Sexual activity of the street striplings degree Celsius ) Educational position B ) Family support C ) Peer force per unit area D ) Easy handiness of gum Tocopherol ) Hunger F ) Entertainment G ) income of street kids H ) Risk taking behaviour I ) Growth of pack activity Conceptual Model income Age Sexual activity Educational position Glue whiffing among street childrenFamilysupport growing of pack amusement handiness equal force per unit area hazard taking behaviour hungriness operational definition 1 ) Glue: A gluey substance used for fall ining things ; such as connection places, rug, etc. 2 ) sniffing: Substance which is straight sprayed or inhaled into the oral cavity. 3 ) street kids: kids who are completly street based, working and populating in the street. 4 ) Education: Educational position of street kids is categorized into illetrate, read and compose, primary and secondary. Research methodological analysis 1.study design: The survey design will be descriptive, crosssectional and explorative to run into the aims. 2.Study method: To run into the aims, both quantitative every bit good as qualitative attack will be applied. The quantitative attack provides numerical consequences, that can be used to see the form, frequence and factors of issues being studied. On the other manus, the qualitative attack will be used for aggregation of information on issues that are hard to obtain from a quantitative study. Thus information obtained from each attack will be used as complementary to the other. 3.Site choice: Different countries of Kathmandu ( i.e Basasntapur, kalopul, Setopul, Gausala, Samakhusi, Dillibazar ) is selected purposively because Kathmandu entirely contains 900-1200 street kids as appraisal done by CWIN. Besides it is easy accessible and economic topographic point to make research in context from Institute Of Medicine. 4.Study population: The survey population will be the street kids of age 6-16 old ages, nowadays at the clip of informations aggregation. 5.Sampling technique: Non Probability sampling. 6.Unit of analysis: Individual 7.Sample size: For the computation of sample size, following expression will be used: N= Z2pq /L2 Where, P= % engagement of street kids in gum sniffing ( Current prevalence of glue sniffing is 51.7 % among street kids of ktm vale, harmonizing to CWIN ) q= 1-p = 100-51.7= 48.3 % L= Allowable error=20 % of P =0.1034 Therefore, n =90. ( Recalculate the sample size, it would be 98 ) Tools of informations aggregation Interview agenda: The structured and semistructured questionnaire will be used to roll up the information. Case survey guideline: Few instance surveies will be done to examine into sensitive issues every bit good as for aggregation of information on issues that are hard to obtain from quantitative study. Techniques Interview: interview will be conducted among street kids by utilizing structured and semistructured questionnaire. Case survey: instance survey will be conducted among 5-10 kids by the usage of instance survey guideline. Data processing and analysis Raw informations will be decently edited and coded in the same twenty-four hours of informations aggregation in order to simplify the informations entry. Data of questionnaire will be entered in Epiinfo plan. Data analysis will be done in footings of per centum distribution. What about the qualitative informations? Validity and Reliability Validity and dependability of the survey is ensured by the undermentioned steps: Tools will be prepared as per the suggestion A ; counsel of research usher. Pretesting of the tools will be done prior to the survey in a similar population. Important research categories and appropriate supervising by instructors. Researcher himself will be involved in the procedure of informations aggregation. Ethical considerations Purpose and aims of the survey will be clarified to each respondent. Informed consent will be obtained from the participants before get downing interview. The collected informations will be used merely for the aim of the survey. Confidentiality A ; privateness of the information provided by the participant will be maintained every bit far as possible. Restrictions of the survey This survey is limited in clip and resource. Due to little survey sample the result of the research may non generalise the full mark population. Random sampling is non possible due to dispersing of the sample population. All respondents may non give right information due to vacillation. Proposed budget How to cite Glue Sniffing Practices Street Children Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Different School Models free essay sample

Private schools are independently run, do not to teach on the curriculum public schools use, and are funded through tuition, non public funds and religious organizations. Public schools are funded from state, local, and government funded. Total Population/ Demographics 260; approx. 60% African American 20% Caucasian 10% Hispanic 10% Asian American 400; approx. 50% African American 30% Hispanic 15% Caucasian 5% Asian American Basically enrollments in private schools are more middle and upper class. Public schools have a diverse enrollment. Student Teacher Ratio 1:19 1:32 (max) Again class numbers are low in private schools because only families that can afford to pay tuition. Public schools cannot deny any child from enrolling. Issues Faced Ensuring all Students Achieve their Potential Lack of Technology and (common core) textbooks Lack of motivation outside of school Funding to purchase updated materials are limited in private schools. Some Parents and guardians are interested in their child’s education. Addressing these Issues Use of an overhead projector, and online resources for educational materials related to common core standards Being a motivating factor in their individual success Private schools use what technology is available. We will write a custom essay sample on Different School Models or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Public schools have what technology is needed and is used on s daily basis. Public and private school teachers are motivators for students. Role of Technology Very limited Aids as a supplemental tool to advance student learning Again private schools use what is available. Having needed technology in public schools gives students the ability to advance. 21st Century Skills By observing the methods students use to communicate, socialize, and meet their daily needs. Students are more opted to use technology, and teamwork which will act as enrichment. Communicating with peers, students being able to use provided technology to help them advance. Role of Students Students determine the speed and depth of the deliverance of a lesson plan. Students’ progress also helps the teacher verify if the lesson was successful Student’s role is to learn and gain knowledge through being an independent learner. Assessing student’s progress to see if the skill was retained. Student’s roles don’t differ in schools. Students are to obtain knowledge and show they obtained the information received. Role of Teacher A teacher’s role is most effective with routine, and feedback. Teachers must provide various learning opportunities in the lessons, and repeatedly reintroduce the expectations and objectives of the lesson. Teachers set the attitude of their classrooms, build a welcoming environment, mentor and care for students, become role models, and listen and look for signs of trouble. Teachers provide consistency, stability and the information to help the students gain knowledge. Most Important Skills Taught Mathematics and Reading Comprehension Mathematics and Reading Comprehension Both teachers believe that basic fluency skills need to be taught There are major differences between public and private schools. One major difference is funding; Public schools get their financing from local, state, and federal government funds. Private schools depend on tuition payments and funds from nonpublic sources such as religious organizations, endowments, grants, and charitable donations. Another difference is enrollment numbers; public schools must accept all students who live within the borders of their districts. Unless it is a public school for children with special needs (i. e. gifted and talented) students have to be tested or enter into a lottery of some sort for the child to be accepted. Private schools are not obligated to accept every child that applies for admission. Private schools often choose between candidates based on ethnicity, religious back ground and financial status. From the interview I learned that the private school teacher I interviewed was not state certified. The teacher when she was hired had experience in working in an elementary school as a Para-educator and was in school working on her degree in Education. On the other hand public school teachers have to a degree in education and also are state certified. In most instances public school teachers are paid more than private school teachers, it actually depends on the school. Private school teachers maybe offered benefits such as a percentage off of tuition if the teachers own child is enrolled at the school (Private vs. public, 2013) . Theres a similar difference between curriculum development in private and public schools. Public schools must follow state procedures that set out certain standards and assessment procedures. This creates a certain amount of quality control. Private schools, on the other hand, can choose whatever curriculum and assessment model they wish. This freedom to design their own curriculum or avoid standardized tests can result in higher or lower standards for students. In public schools the parental support depends on the community of the school and how important the parent believes their child’s education is. Some people do not value their child’s education and send the children to school because it is a requirement. Private schools have tremendous parent support paying for education is a guarantee that parents will be involved, so they can see where their monies are being used for. Whether, public or private school parental involvement is important for academic growth and success of a child. Parental involvement is an issue for public schools. There are ways to try to get parents into the school, but they may not work. I don’t believe that a majority of the public schools parents do not care. It could be they do not have the flexibility in their job to leave, transportation, and if there is an event during the day at school parents are not allowed to bring younger siblings. Private schools have ample parent involvement because the parents make monetary investments in their child’s education; therefore they want to see where there money is going. Offer opportunities for students to bond with subjects in an array of meaningful ways through using supportive learning, appealing coursework, hands-on experiences, and other vigorous learning tactics. Gain knowledge of the students’ knowledge, notions, or false impressions by using pre-tests, and on paper or verbal lessons designed to inform a teacher of a students’ thoughts about an issue. Help students become more conscious by modeling the way you think as you are solving a problem, analyze the students work in front of the class. Teach skills, such as setting objectives, making predictions, and checking for constancy. Having students write in a journal or have students explain their process for solving the problem will help with metacognition. The benefits of public schools teachers have more qualifications; they may hold master degrees or have special training in a certain subject. In public schools students study core subjects and have access to the updated technology. Lastly, the population of public schools is more diverse. The benefits of private schools are; class sizes are small, parent involvement is strong and private schools do not have to comply with state standards so students are not stressed with having to take state standardized test.

Against Ufos Essays - Ufology, Ufologists, , Term Papers

Against Ufos UFOs: Neither Here nor There Throughout the past, the existence of unidentified flying objects and aliens has been disputed over and over. Many different platforms and viewpoints have been taken in order to support the respective sides of the issue. The main argument against intelligent life existing somewhere other than Earth is that of where they derive. The truth of the matter is there is no place in the universe that UFOs and aliens could exist. Skeptics are faced with the fact that modern science has stated that no other orbital body in our solar system or immediate surrounding area is able to sustain life (Blum, 1990). Our solar system is a collection of planets, comets, and assorted chunks of rock. Despite the similarity in appearance, there are startling differences between the various bodies in the solar system, and especially between the planets(David, 1967). Mars, the planet most often associated with aliens, has been tested by scientists with an instrument called the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer and ?. . .it found no signs whatever of any organic compounds on Mars (Man, 1985, p. 69).? This was a great leap in the debate over intelligent life as it finally put to rest the idea that Mars was the home of alien life(Man, 1985). Debaters now quickly jumped to the idea that life existed on any number of the other planets. Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, has no way of sustaining life as it is an airless and waterless mass. The planet also exhibits extreme temperatures up to 660 degree Fahrenheit thanks to its location relative to the sun(Rivera, http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3852/mercury.htm [2001]). It is unlikely that life exists on Venus because of it's atmosphere and temperature. The green planet's atmosphere exerts 90 times the pressure of Earth's and traps all the sun's heat that enters it causing extreme and intolerable temperatures that average 900 degrees Fahrenheit(Hamilton, http://www.solarviews.com/eng/venus.htm [2001]). Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are made of almost entirely the same substances as each other. Made up of liquids and gases, the outer planets make it simply impossible to land a spacecraft on any of them(Man, 1985). After availing themselves to these facts, supporters still argue with the new conjecture that aliens come from outside our solar system. However, any immediate object outside our solar system that is vast enough to possibly maintain life has been investigated and shown to have no life(David (Ed.), 1967). In addition, all celestial bodies outside of the direct rays of the sun show alarming similarities in that none of which have enough solid mass to support the landing of any spacecraft, and that they show no method for sustaining life(Man, 1985). This pattern seems to be true for the rest of space, but, even with skeptics pushing the envelope further and further, scientists now have yet another way of disproving the existence of extraterrestrials. After disproving theories up to a certain point in space, scientists state that in order to subsist further away than what is known would force spacecraft to travel at speeds greater than light. This type of travel is simply impossible, due to the needed technology to produce vehicles that are able to maneuver the universe immaculately and without crashing at speeds exceeding 700,000,000 miles per hour(Setter, http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/AndyPage/WWWUFO.htm [2001]). The skeptics who state UFOs and aliens exist are faced with the simple fact that there are no hard facts to support their case(Vallee, 1966). Never in history has the government, along with the top scientists and astronomers in the world, of any country filed any flying saucer sightings as Alien Species(David, 1967). One point is illustrated best by an excerpt from The UFO Enigma in which the author tells us that a typical UFO observer would be an ?. . .unstable single or unhappily married clerk . . .a college student filled with youthful enthusiasm, or some spiritualistic soul in quest of unearthly experiences(Vallee, 1966, p. 160).? I believe this statement sums up why there are still people in this world who believe in Aliens and UFOs. Also, with the amount of media existing today, it is extremely difficult to believe that no news show or media broadcasting company has ever recognized any UFO report on national

Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Example

  Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Example   Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Essay Topic: Ecosystems Aim: To compare two or more fresh water ecosysterms at the wetlands center. In this study I will want to compare two ecosystems. I predict that pollution in the water will be quite minimal because the freshwater habitats are under conservation . Also the other reason being that the people working on the habitats will try to keep it a healthy habitat with a good balance at each trophic level so that the animals will live. Ipredict that the nitrate levels to be quite high in a habitat with other animals such as ducks. The reason being that the excrement will cause the process of eurification and make the levels higher. I also predict that the Oxygen levels will be quite high (about 8 parts per million), because the conservationists may clean out the excrement .For a healthy habitat the abiotic factors are: * The light level must be good so that- plants can photosynthesize and dont decompose and cause the microbes to use the oxygen. * Temperature is important so that- if the water is too cold the anmals will die and decay and the same if it is too warm. * Flow rate of the water is important so that- the habitat isnt destroyed by the fast water flow. * Nitrate level is essencial- Too much nitrogen is a problem caused by the polluton of algae which restricts the light, this kills the organisms underneeth causing defecation and making organic remains. Then the nitrifying bacteria make nitrates out of the ammonium compuonds. * Oxygen levels- could be a problem if there is the pollution of algae (see nitrate levels), or if there ifs something decomposing then microbes will use up the oxygen. For my investigation I will find the nitrate level by using testing strips and oxyen level by winklers method find the parts per million (ppm). The biotic factors are: * Types of plans- blanket weed and duck weed are both indications of a habitat with low ligh or in the danger of losing light. Mill foil is a good plants as it oxygenates the water. * Features and adaptations of animals- this is something that I will show later on in my investigation. * The number and types of animals- This table shows what species are in high, low or intermediate pollution.(next page) I will look at all three of these biotic factors in my investigation. I predict the more animals there are the less polluted it is because there Is enough oxygen, light, for the organisms to live. I will use various techniqus to examin the different organisms. I will take a sample fron the top, middle and bottom layer of the habitat to get a clearer view. Farmyard freshwater habitat This habitat was shared with some gese aswell as all the animals in the water. This ment that there was a lot of excrement. I was surprised to find out that eventhough there was a lot of excrement, the nitrate level was 0 and the phosphate level was high. The reason being that the water was filterd and removed the nitrates. The oxygen level was also high 9.1 parts per million, due to the water being filtered. The animals that I found ment that habitat was ok, although there was a leech there were not enough to indicate that the habitat was very polluted. The duck weed and algae also indicated the same thing. In the habitat I found: Plants- duck weed and algae Animals- Daphnia, cyclops, leeches and spring tails. Animal What depth found in Number pr sample (A4 paper size tray) estimate Daphnia Top(T), middle(M) and Bottom(B) T= 3500 M= 7000 B= 3000 Cyclops T,M,B T= 100 M= 80 B= 40 Spring tails M M= 2 Leeches B B= 1 Small freshwater habitat This habitat was smaller but deeper thatn the other habitat. It also did not share the habitat with any other animals. This ment that the water would be cleaner thatn the other habitat. This showed in the type of animals and the oxygen level being 9.2ppm. The nitrogen level was 0 again due to the water being filtered. He indications of this habitat being clean was the growth of mill foil and water mites. Plants- mill foil and algae Animals- flat worm, water mite, cyclops, water snail and water flea. Animal What depth found in Number pr sample (A4 paper size tray) estimate Flat worm T 1 Water mite T 1 Cyclops T,B T= 50 B=40 Water snail M M= 1 Water flea M,B M= 20 B= 10 Here is a food web for fresh water habitats: Daphnia flat worm Planarians have extraordinary powers of regeneration and they normally reproduce by pulling in two. The fragments then regenerate their missing parts. water mite Water Mites have a globular, sack-like body and are related to spiders. They have eight legs and a line that separates their thorax from their abdomen. Some water mites are parasitic and suck off the gills of fresh water clams and mussels. Some water mites have special hairs on their legs that help them swim. Cyclops is a genus of copepods named for the animals single eyespot, reminiscent of the one-eyed monster in Greek mythology. Although most species of Cyclops are marine, many are commonly found in quiet freshwater habitats. Common Name: Fresh Water Snail or Planorbis Scientific Name: Planorbis leavis Taxonomy: Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Pulmonata aquatica Planorbidae Physical Description: This snail appears like a smaller and darker colored version of the garden snail. They have a spiral shell that is almost spherical and a body that is the same color as raw liver. Their shells are a lighter dark brown than the bodies. Behavior: This snail spends its life under the water in calm pools. They stick to rocks and feed on the algae and bacteria that grow on them. Breeding takes place in the spring, and the snails are often hermaphroditic, but still require another mate for fertilization. Prey and Predators: Crayfish, skunks, opossums, and amphibians will eat these small gastropods. The planorbis is hardly an aggressive predator, but they eat the microscopic organisms with less intelligence than themselves. Signs of Existence: These snails can be found on any hard surfaces in the calm parts of the water. They share the same pools as many crayfish, but are more easily spotted because of their large numbers. water flea Water fleas belong to the Crustacea, a large group of jointed limbed animals, most of which live in water. Water fleas are placed in the order Cladocera and are probably called fleas because they move through the water by a sort of hopping. Water fleas are very common in fresh water, in Britain you can find about 80 different species, in The Netherlands about a 100 species. Many of them are rare. The chief characteristic of the water fleas is that the main part of the body is enclosed in a kind of shell, with the appearance of two lids, but made of one piece. Because you can see through them, you can study for instance the beating of the heart and follow the course of the blood cells round part of the body. Their sizes differ from several hundred microns to more than five millimeter for the larger species. The common water flea, Daphnia pulex can be found in almost all sorts of eutrophic (rich in nutrients) waters. They reproduce in summer mostly parthenogenetic, that is, the eggs develop without undergoing fertilization. At the end of the summer, some of the eggs develop into the smaller males, capable of fertilizing the eggs in females, which then develop into the so called winter eggs; mostly only one or two are present in the females. These eggs can also be found in populations under stress, such as during the drying up of a pond. leeches Leeches are classified as annelids, or segmented worms. They are related to earthworms and share many traits. They are found in shallow ponds, lakes, and marshes. Some leeches have even been found to live in small desert water holes as well as in antarctic waters. Most leeches live in water; however, some leeches are amphibious. Other leeches are called land leeches and live in moist regions around the world. Leeches can be found nearly every place there is water. Shallow ponds, lakes, and marshes are popular leech collecting sites. The best time for leech collecting is during the spring and summer. Most leeches are nocturnal and avoid light. Leeches can often be found in shady areas of ponds or in dark places under rocks, logs, and debris of the bottom of lakes. spring tails Springtails sometimes cause alarm to homeowners when seen outdoors in enormous numbers, appearing as piles of soot in driveways, backyards, on mud puddle surfaces, etc. Occasionally, they enter the home where dampness occurs such as in basements, cellars, bathrooms, and kitchens, especially near drains, leaking water pipes, sinks, and in the soil of over-watered house plants. They usually appear in the spring and early summer but can be found all year round. Some are known as snow fleas, appearing on the top of snow during late winter and early spring. These very small, leaping insects do not bite humans, spread disease, nor damage household furnishings. They are usually a nuisance by their presence. Springtails are minute, wingless insects about 1/16 to 1/8 inch (1 to 2 mm) long. Colors vary from white, gray, yellow, orange, metallic green, lavender to red with some being patterned or mottled. They get their name from the ability to catapult themselves (leap) through the air three to four inches by means of a taillike mechanism (furcula) tucked under the abdomen. When disturbed, this appendage functions as a spring, propelling them into the air away from the danger source. Young resemble adults except for size and color. Eggs are spherical. Because both habitats are in conservaton and filtered the nitrate level is 0. The health of the pond is not normally that good in the city due to the pollution given off by cars and so on. For more accurate readings of the animals I could have calculated the sizes more accuraltely. This could have an effect on my results.

Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations Essay

Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations - Essay Example that a country does in this regard is directly proportional to the results that it expects in the long run, through the different healthcare insurance programs, medication regimes and so on and so forth. These measures testify the attention paid towards the basic human life which is a very significant step within any state, country or society for that matter. In essence, any set of values and beliefs make up a culture. On the same pretext, an organizational culture is a set of values, morals, beliefs, traditions and norms which come from the industry specific regimes as well as that from the society under which it exists in the first place. Thus it would not be wrong here to suggest that the organizational cultures are dependent on the society’s undertakings and the industrial influences at the same time. What is most important is how the two shape up the organizational culture at the very end and take the organization one step ahead in its different processes, activities and undertakings. In this context, cultural and structural changes within healthcare organizations are usually manifested in with a lot of resentment and threats as the workers do not seem to come to terms with the amendments. In the case of the healthcare strategic management, structural changes are indeed the order of the day from time to time so that innovatio n could be given room – which indeed would enhance the healthcare standards prevalent in the said healthcare facility and thus benefit the whole society. The significant aspect lies on the basis of the healthcare organizations understanding that the changing cultures bring about an imperative basis within its regimes to exist in the most basic sense. One must understand that the healthcare organization cannot exist in seclusion and it has to remain in constant touch with the society in which it exists and the industry under which it finds competitors for its own selves and the strategic alliances, mergers and unities that form as a

Abstract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Abstract - Essay Example Modern management will have to adapt to the challenges of the present as well as the future, according to change brought in by rapidly evolving technologies such as the internet. The conventions and rules created by theorists back in the 20th century, although redundant and inefficient, still continue to drive the management strategies of almost all business organizations. Hamel asserts that management is now out of date because there have been no great breakthroughs in management practices that have revolutionary impact on business. It is not the operating or the business model but its management model that limits the performance of a business. Innovation in management practices has the potential of generating long-term advantages for a business. Thus, it is concluded that business organizations have to rework their management practices in line with the changing demands of the 21st century and with the current technological and economic

Advantages And Limitations Of Different Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

Advantages And Limitations Of Different Operating Systems Computer Science Essay 1.The majority of Linux variants are available for free or at a much lower price than Microsoft Windows. 2.Linux is and has always been a very secure Operating System. Although it still can be attacked when compared to Windows, it much more secure. 3. The majority of Linux variants and versions are notoriously reliable and can often run for months and years without needing to be rebooted. DISADVANTAGE OF LINUX : 1.Although the majority Linux variants have improved dramatically in ease of use, Windows is still much easier to use for new computer users. 2.Linux has a large variety of available software programs, utilities, and games. However, Windows has a much larger selection of available software. 3.Linux companies and hardware manufacturers have made great advancements in hardware support for Linux and today Linux will support most hardware devices. However, many companies still do not offer drivers or support for their hardware in Linux. ADVANTAGE OF WINDOWS : 1.Microsoft has made several advancements and changes that have made it a much easier to use Operating System, and although arguably it may not be the easiest Operating System, it is still Easier than Linux. 2.Because of the large amount of Microsoft Windows users, there is a much larger selection of available software programs, utilities, and games for Windows. 3.Microsoft Windows includes its own help section, has vast amount of available online documentation and help, as well as books on each of the versions of Windows. DISADVANTAGE OF WINDOWS : 1.Microsoft Windows can run between $50.00 $150.00 US dollars per each license copy. 2.Although Microsoft Windows has made great improvements in reliability over the last few versions of Windows, it still cannot match the reliability of Linux. 3.Although Windows does have software programs, utilities, and games for free, the majority of the programs will cost anywhere between $20.00 $200.00+ US dollars per copy. 4.Although Microsoft has made great improvements over the years with security on their Operating System, their Operating System continues to be the most vulnerable to viruses and other attacks. 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What this means for the user is that you can use a number of programs at the same time using only a modest level of physical memory. The system can handle several programs at once without severely pulling on the systems resources. Advantage: Toolbox This operating system offers a rich collection of small utilities and commands that are designed to carry out specific tasks well rather than being cluttered up with a variety of special but insignificant options. Unix acts as a well-stocked toolbox rather than attempting to do everything at once. Advantage: Customization Unix has the ability to string different utilities and commands together in an unlimited number of configurations in order to accomplish a variety of complicated tasks. This operating system is not limited to any pre-configured menus or combinations as most ordinary personal computer systems normally are. Advantage: Portability Unix is available for use on a variety of different types of machines, making it one of the most portable operating systems in existence. Unix can be run on both PC and Macintosh computers and many other computing machines as well. Disadvantage: Interface The traditional interface for the Unix operating system is command line based, and this command line shell interface may be hostile to the casual user. Unix was developed for use by programmers and serious computer users rather than casual users. A graphical user interface (GUI) is also available, but the traditional Unix interface is command line only. Disadvantage: Special Commands Commands required by the command line interface often make use of cryptic naming schemes, and do not give much information to notify a user of what they are doing. Many commands in the Unix interface require the use of special characters. Small, normally insignificant typos can have much greater effects and unexpected results on Unix machines. Disadvantage: Overwhelming to Novices While the richness of utilities offered by Unix is a benefit or advantage to many, this may be overwhelming to a novice user. The Unix operating system is not simple by any means, and may be daunting and overwhelming to some users. 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Difficult To Upgrade ( I think it deletes your file if you do not make a backup when you upgrade, so its like you will be needing to buy a new mac. ) Annoying Rotating Disk Ball ( When Refreshing or when your computer is busy. ) In my openion The best one is mac os

Alcohol consumption during this developmental period

Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide, and when used excessively it has deleterious effects on almost every organ system.   Many people begin to drink alcohol during adolescence and young adulthood.Alcohol consumption during this developmental period may have profound effects on brain structure and function. Heavy drinking has been shown to affects on brain structure and function.Heavy drinking has been shown to affect the neuropsychological performance of young people and may impair the growth and integrity of certain brain structures. Furthermore, alcohol consumption during adolescence may alter measures of brain functioning, such as blood flow in certain brain regions and electrical brain activities. Not all adolescence and young adults are equally sensitive to the effects of alcohol consumption, however.Moderating factors-such as family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders, gender, age at onset of drinking, drinking patterns, use of other drugs, an d co-occurring psychiatric disorders-may influence the extent to which alcohol consumption interferes with an adolescent’s normal brain development and functioning (Tapert, Calwell, & Burke, 2004-2005).Emerging adulthood, the transitional period between high school and young adulthood, is marked by the formation of identity, the establishment of more mature interpersonal and intimate relationships, and the transition to new adult-type roles. It is also is a time of increased alcohol use and abuse, which can have long-term effects on both physical and psychological well-being and may have implications for the attainment of traditional adult roles.Gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, college, employment, peer and family influences, individual temperament, and attitudes about drinking all influence drinking behavior in this population.Attending college may represent a special risk to emerging adults, as increases in alcohol availability and acceptance of drinking on college c ampuses may lead to increases in heavy drinking among students.The non student population of emerging adults also is an important target for preventive interventions, especially because people in this segment of the population may be less likely to mature out of heavy drinking patterns established during adolescence, thus, the transition from high school to young adulthood appears to be an ideal developmental turning point during which to target interventions.Arnett (2000) referred to the transitional period from high school to young adulthood as â€Å"emerging adulthood.† This stage of life is defined as the period from the end of secondary school through the attainment of adult status (Arnett 2005), covering approximately ages 18 to 25, although it can extend longer. Emerging adulthood is marked by frequent change and exploration. It also is a period of increased alcohol use and abuse. The transition out of high school may be marked by increases in alcohol use and intoxicat ion.Even men who drank heavily in high school may drink more and become intoxicated more often after high school. Drinking patterns during the senior year of high school generally are useful in predicting post-high school drinking behavior, although research results vary. Some studies have found a high degree of individual stability in problem drinking from the early twenties into adulthood, whereas others have notMost emerging adults will outgrow heavy drinking and related problems before adulthood, on their own and without treatment (Marlatt et al. 1998). Research consistently shows that most indexes of alcohol use, and especially heavy drinking, are higher among males than females (O’Malley and Johnston 2002).In addition, the gender disparity in heavy drinking increases between late adolescence (i.e., senior year of high school) and young adulthood. In contrast, the rates of alcohol problems among male and female college students tend to converge (Jackson et al. 2005), alt hough men still report more problems in the public domain compared with women.Racial and ethnic differences in drinking and related problems have been documented in the literature. In general, White and Native American emerging adults drink more than African Americans and Asians, and drinking rates for Hispanics fall in the middle. In addition, in contrast to the peak in drinking among Whites around ages 19-22, heavy drinking among African Americans and Hispanic peaks later and persists longer into adulthood (Caetano and Kaskutas 1995).Some argue that the college campus environment itself encourages heavy drinking (Toomey and Wagenaar 2002). Alcohol use is present at most college social functions, and many students view college as a place to drink excessively. Students experience greater exposure to drinking and encounter higher levels of peer drinking and positive attitudes toward alcohol as they transition from high school to college.Alcohol is the drug of choice among adolescents in the United States. Slightly over 50% have tried alcohol as early as grade 8; by the end of high school, 80% have tried it and 50% are current drinkers. These statistics cause concern because adolescents are particularly susceptible to several of the negative consequences associated with drinking-motor vehicle crashes (Zador, Krawchuk & Voas 2000), sexually transmitted diseases (Bailey et al. 1999), suicide, death and disability.Many observers believe that alcohol advertising contributes to the widespread social acceptability of drinking and thereby fosters both initial and continued use. Television advertising, which is banned in the United States for cigarettes but not for alcohol, is cited as a major source of alcohol advertising available to young people.Large numbers of American youth are exposed to television advertisements for alcohol, particularly beer (Grube & Wallack 1994). Young people typically see these advertisements on sports and certain late night programs popular with youth (Madden & Grube 1994).Youth exposure to advertising in additional venues, as well as through other promotional activities, is also substantial (Taylor 1990). In the United States, most young people are exposed to alcohol advertising in such common locations as supermarkets and corner stores; many also see alcohol advertising in magazines and at concerts and sports events.One study found no relationship between advertising and actual drinking behavior (Wyllie, Zhang & Casswell 1998), while others have suggested a positive relationship between advertising exposures (Grube & Wallack 1994) or positive responses to alcohol advertisements (Wyllie, Zhang & Casswell 1998) and intentions as an adult. In addition, intentions to drink as an adult tap the child’s expectations of engaging in an activity that is normative and legal for adults; they are far removed from the child’s actual drinking behavior or expectation of drinking while under age.

Adolescents On-line

As technology give way to broader telecommunication options, a new form of social community was formed. The Cyber Community has been one of the most intriguing forms of contemporary society and adolescents welcomed it willingly.Today’s adolescents are vicariously participating in online social networks. According to the research made by Wolak and colleague, out of 246 individuals who engaged in close online relationships about 145 do not see each other face to face. Thus, it can be surmised that face to face relationships are not anymore a factor that affects relationships between two persons.Conventional friendships signifies personal contact which is absent in on-line relationships. Nonetheless, both relationships exist so as to provide comfort and help to participants. However, in on-line relationships, the level of trust and confidence is usually lower. While some people see on line relationships to be a way to escape reality, others view this sort of relationship as helpf ul in identifying real personality and attitude.Adolescents use online networking to communicate both with their online friends and offline friends as well. They can also send messages and express themselves more freely and at most times most effectively. Several online games which are predominantly role-playing games in character also extend adolescents capacity to interact with other people.Negotiating and solving conflicts are highlighted in this kind of virtual social community. It also through different virtual social networks that teenagers can gather information about certain areas of interest and views, this is a feature that can be found in forums and blogs.References:Subrahmanyam, K. and Greenfield, P. (2008). Online Communication and Adolescent Relationships. Volume 18 No. 1. Retrieved on October 18, 2008 from www.futureofchildren.orgWolak, J., Mitchell, KJ. And Finkelhor, D. (2002) Close Online Relationships ina National Sample of Adolescents. Retrieved on October 18, 20 08 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_147_37/ai_94598385/pg_

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