How to Reduce Your Avoidance Behaviors

How to Reduce Your Avoidance Behaviors Panic Disorder Coping Print How to Reduce Your Panic-Related Avoidance Behaviors Avoidance Only Increases Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Updated on June 25, 2019 undefined / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Avoidance behaviors are any actions a person takes to escape from difficult thoughts and feelings. These behaviors can occur in many different ways and may include actions that a person does or does not do. People with panic disorder often take on avoidance behaviors to sidestep fearful thoughts, feelings of dread, and overall anxiety-related symptoms. As a person dealing with panic and anxiety, you may already be familiar with acting out of avoidance. These behaviors can have a negative impact on many aspects of your life, including your career, relationships, and personal interests or hobbies. You may find yourself avoiding job opportunities, social events, and even friendships in an attempt to keep your anxiety at bay. Effects of Avoidance Behaviors Aside from restricting your life, avoidance behaviors often have the opposite effect than what is desired. While in the short run you may experience a temporary sense of relief, in the long run, avoidance actually leads to increased anxiety. When avoiding places, people, and events, the panic sufferer is really trying to get away from her feelings of anxiety. However, every time she escapes these anxiety-inducing thoughts and feelings, she is actually reinforcing them. She is sending the message to herself that the world is a dangerous place. In the end, she may become increasingly afraid of more and more stimuli, allowing for the ?cycle of anxiety to intensify. Why Avoidance Coping Creates Additional Stress People who live with avoidance are often depriving themselves of many experiences, adventures, and connections. Panic-related avoidance behaviors may be preventing you from living your life to the fullest. Read ahead for some tips on how to reduce your anxiety-related avoidance behaviors. Recognize When It’s Happening In order to change any maladaptive behavior, you must first start becoming aware of when it’s occurring. At the end of each day, stop and reflect on how you engaged in avoidance behaviors throughout your day. Write down any that stand out. You may have noticed how you did this in small ways. For example, perhaps you stayed away from a co-worker because you felt anxious about talking with him. Once you start to consistently track your actions, you may be surprised to find out that you are participating in more avoidance behaviors than you previously thought.   You may also notice big ways in which you engaged in avoidance, such as taking a different route to work to avoid highway driving because it makes you feel anxious. Only by making an effort to notice these actions will you be ready to change them. Finding Trust and Support The key to overcoming avoidance behaviors is to continue to slowly face what you are avoiding until it no longer has such a grip on you. Of course, doing so is far  easier said than done. That is why it is recommended that you don’t face previously avoided situations alone, but rather engage in them with a trusted friend or family member by your side. Let your friend know that the situation you are stepping into is usually a source of anxiety. Have a backup plan ready should things go sideways. For example, is attending a large social event that you would normally avoid, talk beforehand about what you’ll need if you feel uncomfortable. Prepare your loved one to give you space if you should want a few minutes alone to manage your anxiety. Perhaps you will forewarn her that you will need to leave if symptoms become unmanageable. Regardless of your plan, make sure your loved one is aware of it so that she will know what to expect should your anxiety arise. Explaining Your Panic Disorder to Friends and Family It is important to note that you never should rely on one person to buffer your feelings of anxiety at all times. By doing so, you may accidentally create a shift in avoidance where you become overly dependent on this person. Eventually, you will want to step into the previously avoidances alone. Your loved one may still be supporting you from a distance, but it is only when you move forward alone that you can truly overcome your avoidance behaviors. Develop Ways to Cope With Your Anxiety Your avoidance behaviors revolve around not wanting to experience anxiety or other symptoms of panic disorder. The most effective way to get past this fear is to learn techniques that will help you control your symptoms. Coping skills can help you keep your anxiety in check and may even assist in managing your panic attacks. Such skills can be learned through the help of a therapist or on your own by using self-help books. Some common strategies to aid in coping with anxiety include: Deep breathing exercisesProgressive muscle relaxationAnxiety trackingCognitive restructuring Professional Help Is Available Not every panic disorder sufferer will experience avoidance behaviors, however, many will find that these issues put excessive restrictions on their lives. If you are finding that your avoidance behaviors are unmanageable and out-of-control, it may be time to seek professional help. Getting professional help with your symptoms is by no means a failure on your part. In fact, many people with panic disorder have found that they recover quicker through treatment.

Essay on Anselm’s Philosophy - 1553 Words

Anselm’s Philosophy Anselms definition of AGod starts by saying that God is the greatest being we can possibly think of. When Anselm states this, it essentially means that it is not possible to think of a being greater than God. Anselm also states that if God is the greatest thinkable being, he is referring to the fact that it would be impossible to imagine or to create in ones mind someone or something being better than God. Therefore, it would be impossible to say that God only exists in ones mind because it is much greater to exist in reality than it is to exist only in ones mind. Anselm then suggests that God has many attributes which describe him. Among these being: self-existent, a necessary being, omnipotent, omniscient,†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the conclusion that God does not exist must be false. Anselm then believes that the opposite of this supposition must then be true. A perfect God must actually must exist in reality. Otherwise, God would not be totally perfect. Existence is perfection. AIt is one thing for something to exist in a persons thought and quite another for the person to think that thing to exist. (Anselm Chapter 2) A modern day example of Anselms theory is that if I can really imagine a perfect girl for me. This girl would actually exist somewhere in the world. A girl with all of the best qualities that I can possibly imagine someone as having. She would be everything that I am looking for. According to Anselms beliefs, she would most defiantly exist. AFor if it exists only in the understanding , it can be thought to exist in reality as well, which is greater. (Anselm p.380 Chap.2) Anselm uses Gods definition to argue that God cannot be thought not to exist. Anselm does this by stating that God cannot even be thought not to exist, not only is his existence a fact but his non-existence is completely impossible. He confirms this by saying AAnd indeed whatever exists except you alone can be thought of as not existing. You alone of all things most truly exists and thus enjoy existence to the fullest degree of all things, because nothing else exists so undoubtedly, and thus everythingShow MoreRelatedKant And Anselm : Argument For God s Existence1129 Words   |  5 Pagescan be conceptualized. This means that the senses of man are enough to act as proof of the presence of a being higher and more powerful than him. Philosophy allows for proof to be logical and factual as well as imaginative. From this point, the objection to an idea or imagination such as the existence of God makes his presence even more realistic. Anselm’s argument, therefore, provides the idea of God’s existence as reality rather than an abstract. Existence is a property of the mind and perfectionRead MoreKant And Anselm : Argument For God s Existence1142 Words   |  5 Pagescan be conceptualized. This means that the senses of man are enough to act as proof of the presence of a being higher and more powerful than hi m. Philosophy allows for proof to be logical and factual as well as imaginative. From this point, the objection to an idea or imagination such as the existence of God makes his presence even more realistic. Anselm’s argument, therefore, provides the idea of God’s existence as reality rather than an abstract. Existence is a property of the mind and perfectionRead MoreThe Role of Reason in Human Behavior Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagestakes precedent over the yearnings and assertiveness of humans. Even though the Freud and Thomas Hobbes did not exactly agreed on Plato and Aristotle theory on human behavior, they all disagreed on the theory that Jean-Paul Sartre had to offer to philosophy. As for as Sartre theory he believed that human do not have a purpose on this earth unless they decide to create a purpose for themselves. Sartre is a firm believer that we have the abilities to create our own self which in turn will make us humansRead MoreMy Philosophy : Critical Thin king1858 Words   |  8 PagesJoshua Erwin Erin Anchustegui 17SP - PHIL-101 - 006W 25 April 2017 Philosophy 101 Signature Essay Philosophy is one of the most important subjects taught today. Philosophy can teach us things as broad as secrets of the universe and as personal as knowing right from wrong. In the following paragraphs, I will explain each concept, as well as its importance to myself. MODULE 1: CRITICAL THINKING Critical thinking is the process that allows us to develop, evaluate, and reinforce the strength of ourRead MoreDavid Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pageshis position that skepticism is beneficial to religious belief. Under fire from an agnostic skeptic and a rationalist, the empiricist view on skepticism and religion is strongest in it’s defense. 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Neither one of these arguments are correct nor incorrect; moreover, theRead MorePhilosophy Term Paper : Twilight Of The Idols 1369 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy Term Paper Prompt #1 Friedrich Nietzsche, one of the most examined and well-known philosophers of the modern era, critiqued the modes by which ancient more historical philosophers used their rationale. In his work, Twilight of the Idols, Friedrich Nietzsche argues that â€Å"the most general, emptiest concepts† such as â€Å"being,† â€Å"the good,† â€Å"the true,† â€Å"the perfect,† and â€Å"God,† are mistakes that come as a result of philosophers placing â€Å"what comes at the end at the beginning as the beginning†Read MoreCompare And Contrast The Views Of John Searle And Rene Descartes On The Mind1832 Words   |  8 Pagesthat humans are outside of determinism. Ch. 6 – What about God? Philosophy of Religion in the Western Tradition 10. Explain, compare, and contrast the views of Anselm and Gaunilo regarding the ontological argument. Anselm’s ontological argument states that if we had two objects both are identical, that the one that is real is the one that is perfect. Since God is perfect, He must exist. Gaunilo provided a counterargument to Anselm’s argument. He replaces the word God by Island, and then statesRead MoreThe Theory Of The Design Argument1201 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Test 1 Essay 1: In addition to the two criticisms that Hume makes of the design argument that are described in this chapter, Hume presents a third. He says that even if the design argument succeeds in showing that a designer made the universe (or the organisms in it), the argument does not succeed in establishing what characteristics that designer has. For this reason, the argument does not show that God exists. Is Hume’s claim correct? How seriously does this undermine the design argumentRead MoreEssay about Ontological Argument Critique 857 Words   |  4 Pagesmust be studied to ensure that mistakes are not repeated. One such argument is the Ontological Argument. This argument was first recorded by St. Anslem (1033-1109). Descartes adapts this argument in the fifth meditation in ‘Meditations on First Philosophy.’ He first establishes that whenever he thinks about a triangle, there are certain properties that must be present in order for the form to be a triangle. Further â€Å"even if perhaps no such figure exists, or has ever existed, anywhere outside my thought†

The Grinch Movie Analysis - 1125 Words

In the movie How the Grinch Stole Christmas, one of the characters, the Grinch, is a fictional holiday antagonist, his only goal is to stop Christmas from happening (Howard, 2000). The Grinch lives alone on top of Mount Crumpits outside of Whoville, his age is undisclosed but appears to be around 40 years in age and is unemployed. He does not have any social relationships to friends or citizens of Whoville, and rather spend his time alone. The only social companion the Grinch has is his dog Max. Additionally, there is no history of drug or alcohol use. Antisocial Personality Disorder is more prevalent in men than in women, and is characterized by a callous unconcern for the feelings of others. The person disregards social norms and†¦show more content†¦The Grinch had total disregard to the law, he purposely mixed up people’s mail, just for fun. He broke into everyone’s house in Whoville and stole their Christmas trees and presents while pretending to be Santa C laus. Additionally, the Grinch lied to Cindy Lou Who when she asked why he was stealing her Christmas tree, he said he was stealing it to fix the light bulbs. He also lied to himself, blaming others for his unhappiness. The Grinch also displayed impulsive and aggressive behaviour, while in Whoville a childhood bully (the Mayor) makes a joke at him, the Grinch loses it destroys the town tree and causes havoc. He shows no restraint. The Grinch failed to think ahead that he would not run into someone while stealing Christmas items out of homes, he did think about how his actions would affect the citizens of Whoville. He also did not plan how to get back up the Mountain, so he made his dog pull the heavy sled which also put his dog at risk of being injured. The Grinch did not care for people’s safety especially his dog max. He didn’t care that he was ruining Christmas for little Children. He also did not regard the safety for himself, the Grinch eats glass and displays an unhealthy living style. Also, the Grinch’s concern for his small heart can also be viewed as unhealthy. The Grinch had no regrets for what he had done, he showed lack of remorse. He did not regret what he did to those people, he wasShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper on Dr. Seuss1331 Words   |  6 PagesSeuss was born on March 2, 1994 and from there the world was changed. Theodore Geisel is a charismatic man who put his lively personality into his fun and lighthearted books like Green Eggs and Ham, The classic Cat in the Hat, and the iconic How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Born on March 2,1904 in Springfield, Massachusetts Theodore Seuss Geisel made his way into the world. His mother Henrietta and Theodore were very busy people. His father managed the family brewery and later supervised Springfield’sRead MoreLiterary Interpretations Of The Sneetches1868 Words   |  8 Pageseducation of youth for close to 80 years. This includes even after his death, through the continuing legacy of his books. The books have also made him a worldwide pop culture phenomenon. Their widely successful movie adaptations, such as The Cat in the Hat or an even better example, How the Grinch Stole Christmas which has become a holiday franchise of its own, help to carry the stories of Seuss into the 21st century. However, looking through youthful eyes at the bright colorful cartoons and marvelingRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 PagesCarroll (1832-1898), author of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, was a mathematician, logician, and polit ical scientist. Carroll loved careful reasoning about puzzling things. Here Carroll’s Alice presents a nice bit of economic analysis. At ï ¬ rst glance, it may seem that Alice is talking nonsense, but, indeed, her reasoning is impeccable. â€Å"I should like to buy an egg, please.† she said timidly. â€Å"How do you sell them?† â€Å"Fivepence farthing for one—twopence for two,† the Sheep replied

Glue Sniffing Practices Street Children Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Harmonizing to Child Workers In Nepal Concerned Centre street kids are those who are wholly street based, working and populating in the street.They could be orphans or abandoned kids or merely ignored or runways they could be with or without household. They could hold small or no contact with their several households. We will write a custom essay sample on Glue Sniffing Practices Street Children Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The job of street kids is cosmopolitan and is relatively really high in those states where there is rapid urbanisation. The figure of street kids has grown in recent decennaries because of broad spread recession, political convulsion, civil agitation, increasing household decomposition, natural catastrophe and turning urbanisation. [ 1 ] Street kids are among the high hazard and insecure group and they are accordingly more vulnerable to assorted types of substance maltreatment, and most common types are dissolvers and inhalants. [ 1 ] WHO estimates that globally,25 % to 90 % of street kids involved in substance maltreatment. Problem statement Global Harmonizing to WHO appraisal, there are more so 100 million street kids in the universe and more so 25 million are from developing states and most of them are adolescent. A study based on study conducted by WHO indicated that it reaches about 25-30 million in developed states. [ 2 ] Surveies suggest that 80-90 % of street kids in Latin America have some contact with their households. Surveys besides indicate that street kids in Latin America are 8-17 old ages old, with 9 old ages old being the mean age upon come ining the street. Girls consist 10-15 % of street kids and Black and assorted race kids may be over-represented among street kids in the part. [ 3 ] Street kids cited a figure of grounds for being on the streets. These includes gaining income, being orphaned, maltreatment by stepfathers/stepmothers/some relations, unequal attention and support by parents or defenders and peer force per unit area. Although substance abuse among kids in India has been documented for over a decennary, volatile substance abuse ( VSM ) is a relatively recent phenomenon there.. Reported sensed benefits include enhanced physical strength, decreased shyness, sleep initiation, experiencing good, and blunting physical and psychological hurting. Identified hazard factors include domestic force, a dictatorial male parent, presence of stepparents, migratory position, and substance usage in the household. [ 4 ] A survey on street kids in Delhi among 115 male street kids aged 6-16 revealed that more than half of the topics had indulged in substance usage before coming to the observation place. The agents consumed were nicotine, inhalants, intoxicant and cannabis.Substance usage in street kids is associated with unstable places and ill-treatment. [ 5 ] There are an estimated 3,500-5,000 street kids populating on the streets of Lahore, Pakistan. A disproportional figure of these kids use drugs and engage in survival sex as get bying mechanisms. Of the entire sample, 17.0 % reported ne’er holding used drugs, 15.9 % reported being former drug users, and 67.1 % reported holding used drugs in the month before enrollment. Participants were 96 % male childs with a average age of 13 old ages. The average length of life on the streets was 18 months, and 52.7 % had of all time been arrested by the constabulary. Odd occupations, beggary, and pickpocketing were the primary beginnings of reported income. [ 6 ] A cross-sectional analytical survey of street kids on local authorities country of South western Niegeria showed that, the average age was 16.2 A ± 1.3 old ages, and there were more males ( 58.3 % ) than females. Most of the respondents ( 65 % ) were still populating with their parents. Fifty-three per cent of the respondents were current psychotropic substance users and the five commonest substances used were kola nut ( 58.6 % ) , intoxicant ( 43.6 % ) , baccy ( 41.4 % ) , marijuana ( 25.4 % ) and â€Å" sokudaye † Similarly, low connection with female parent and friends and low parental presence were significantly associated with current substance usage. [ 7 ] ( mentions: relationship as determiners of substance usage amongst street kids in a local authorities country in south western Niegeria. ) National In 1992 CWIN estimated that around 5000 have landed on the street of metropoliss of Nepal.Furthermore, the population of the street kids in Kathmandu entirely estimated by CWIN was around 1200 in 1996.CWIN was reported 330 new street kids in kthmandu in 1997 ; nevertheless they estimated entire figure around 1000. Their figure has shot up three creases within 10 old ages A ; this job in Nepal will present a existent menace in future, particularly if the current tendencies towards unsupervised urbanisation continues. [ 8 ] In Nepal, the sum estimated figure of street kids is 40,000, in urban Centres. CWIN estimates that there are about 800-900 street kids in Kathmandu vale. [ 8 ] Harmonizing to CWIN, the overall usage of baccy is 55 % among street kids. Between 25-90 % of street kids use substances of one sort or other. Glue sniffing is emerging tendency in Nepal. It is fast going an dependence among street kids in Kathmandu.the current prevelant of glue whiffing among street kids is 51.7 % in Kathmandu valley.19.7 % have started utilizing glue two old ages ago,34.4 % started a twelvemonth ago and 27.9 % started merely few months back. [ 9 ] Glue sniffing can be termed as ‘group activity’among street children.95.1 % kids use gum with friends,77 % usage gum in equal influence and 60.7 % kids sniff glue day-to-day. [ 9 ] Rationale of the survey ( justification ) Glue sniffing and street kids both are major public wellness every bit good as societal job in Nepal. Harmonizing to UN convention on the right of kid, every kid has the right to profit from societal security A ; protection from development and drug maltreatment ; glue sniffing among street kids is comparatively new tendency and seems to be increasing in dismaying gait around the universe and in Nepal excessively. Besides as a personal intrest of kid and adolescent wellness, it is traveling to carry on. Research inquiry 1 ) what is the position of glue whiffing among street kids? 2 ) what are the assorted factors which contribute street kids to whiff gum? Aims 1 ) General aim: To happen out the position of gum sniffing and factors impacting it among street kids. 2 ) specific aims: I ) to place the form and frequence of glue sniffing. two ) to place the grounds why street kids sniff gum. three ) to measure the cognition about harmful effects of glue sniffing. Variables Dependent variable Glue whiffing two ) Independent variable A ) demographic variable a ) Age of the street kids B ) Sexual activity of the street striplings degree Celsius ) Educational position B ) Family support C ) Peer force per unit area D ) Easy handiness of gum Tocopherol ) Hunger F ) Entertainment G ) income of street kids H ) Risk taking behaviour I ) Growth of pack activity Conceptual Model income Age Sexual activity Educational position Glue whiffing among street childrenFamilysupport growing of pack amusement handiness equal force per unit area hazard taking behaviour hungriness operational definition 1 ) Glue: A gluey substance used for fall ining things ; such as connection places, rug, etc. 2 ) sniffing: Substance which is straight sprayed or inhaled into the oral cavity. 3 ) street kids: kids who are completly street based, working and populating in the street. 4 ) Education: Educational position of street kids is categorized into illetrate, read and compose, primary and secondary. Research methodological analysis 1.study design: The survey design will be descriptive, crosssectional and explorative to run into the aims. 2.Study method: To run into the aims, both quantitative every bit good as qualitative attack will be applied. The quantitative attack provides numerical consequences, that can be used to see the form, frequence and factors of issues being studied. On the other manus, the qualitative attack will be used for aggregation of information on issues that are hard to obtain from a quantitative study. Thus information obtained from each attack will be used as complementary to the other. 3.Site choice: Different countries of Kathmandu ( i.e Basasntapur, kalopul, Setopul, Gausala, Samakhusi, Dillibazar ) is selected purposively because Kathmandu entirely contains 900-1200 street kids as appraisal done by CWIN. Besides it is easy accessible and economic topographic point to make research in context from Institute Of Medicine. 4.Study population: The survey population will be the street kids of age 6-16 old ages, nowadays at the clip of informations aggregation. 5.Sampling technique: Non Probability sampling. 6.Unit of analysis: Individual 7.Sample size: For the computation of sample size, following expression will be used: N= Z2pq /L2 Where, P= % engagement of street kids in gum sniffing ( Current prevalence of glue sniffing is 51.7 % among street kids of ktm vale, harmonizing to CWIN ) q= 1-p = 100-51.7= 48.3 % L= Allowable error=20 % of P =0.1034 Therefore, n =90. ( Recalculate the sample size, it would be 98 ) Tools of informations aggregation Interview agenda: The structured and semistructured questionnaire will be used to roll up the information. Case survey guideline: Few instance surveies will be done to examine into sensitive issues every bit good as for aggregation of information on issues that are hard to obtain from quantitative study. Techniques Interview: interview will be conducted among street kids by utilizing structured and semistructured questionnaire. Case survey: instance survey will be conducted among 5-10 kids by the usage of instance survey guideline. Data processing and analysis Raw informations will be decently edited and coded in the same twenty-four hours of informations aggregation in order to simplify the informations entry. Data of questionnaire will be entered in Epiinfo plan. Data analysis will be done in footings of per centum distribution. What about the qualitative informations? Validity and Reliability Validity and dependability of the survey is ensured by the undermentioned steps: Tools will be prepared as per the suggestion A ; counsel of research usher. Pretesting of the tools will be done prior to the survey in a similar population. Important research categories and appropriate supervising by instructors. Researcher himself will be involved in the procedure of informations aggregation. Ethical considerations Purpose and aims of the survey will be clarified to each respondent. Informed consent will be obtained from the participants before get downing interview. The collected informations will be used merely for the aim of the survey. Confidentiality A ; privateness of the information provided by the participant will be maintained every bit far as possible. Restrictions of the survey This survey is limited in clip and resource. Due to little survey sample the result of the research may non generalise the full mark population. Random sampling is non possible due to dispersing of the sample population. All respondents may non give right information due to vacillation. Proposed budget How to cite Glue Sniffing Practices Street Children Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Different School Models free essay sample

Private schools are independently run, do not to teach on the curriculum public schools use, and are funded through tuition, non public funds and religious organizations. Public schools are funded from state, local, and government funded. Total Population/ Demographics 260; approx. 60% African American 20% Caucasian 10% Hispanic 10% Asian American 400; approx. 50% African American 30% Hispanic 15% Caucasian 5% Asian American Basically enrollments in private schools are more middle and upper class. Public schools have a diverse enrollment. Student Teacher Ratio 1:19 1:32 (max) Again class numbers are low in private schools because only families that can afford to pay tuition. Public schools cannot deny any child from enrolling. Issues Faced Ensuring all Students Achieve their Potential Lack of Technology and (common core) textbooks Lack of motivation outside of school Funding to purchase updated materials are limited in private schools. Some Parents and guardians are interested in their child’s education. Addressing these Issues Use of an overhead projector, and online resources for educational materials related to common core standards Being a motivating factor in their individual success Private schools use what technology is available. We will write a custom essay sample on Different School Models or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Public schools have what technology is needed and is used on s daily basis. Public and private school teachers are motivators for students. Role of Technology Very limited Aids as a supplemental tool to advance student learning Again private schools use what is available. Having needed technology in public schools gives students the ability to advance. 21st Century Skills By observing the methods students use to communicate, socialize, and meet their daily needs. Students are more opted to use technology, and teamwork which will act as enrichment. Communicating with peers, students being able to use provided technology to help them advance. Role of Students Students determine the speed and depth of the deliverance of a lesson plan. Students’ progress also helps the teacher verify if the lesson was successful Student’s role is to learn and gain knowledge through being an independent learner. Assessing student’s progress to see if the skill was retained. Student’s roles don’t differ in schools. Students are to obtain knowledge and show they obtained the information received. Role of Teacher A teacher’s role is most effective with routine, and feedback. Teachers must provide various learning opportunities in the lessons, and repeatedly reintroduce the expectations and objectives of the lesson. Teachers set the attitude of their classrooms, build a welcoming environment, mentor and care for students, become role models, and listen and look for signs of trouble. Teachers provide consistency, stability and the information to help the students gain knowledge. Most Important Skills Taught Mathematics and Reading Comprehension Mathematics and Reading Comprehension Both teachers believe that basic fluency skills need to be taught There are major differences between public and private schools. One major difference is funding; Public schools get their financing from local, state, and federal government funds. Private schools depend on tuition payments and funds from nonpublic sources such as religious organizations, endowments, grants, and charitable donations. Another difference is enrollment numbers; public schools must accept all students who live within the borders of their districts. Unless it is a public school for children with special needs (i. e. gifted and talented) students have to be tested or enter into a lottery of some sort for the child to be accepted. Private schools are not obligated to accept every child that applies for admission. Private schools often choose between candidates based on ethnicity, religious back ground and financial status. From the interview I learned that the private school teacher I interviewed was not state certified. The teacher when she was hired had experience in working in an elementary school as a Para-educator and was in school working on her degree in Education. On the other hand public school teachers have to a degree in education and also are state certified. In most instances public school teachers are paid more than private school teachers, it actually depends on the school. Private school teachers maybe offered benefits such as a percentage off of tuition if the teachers own child is enrolled at the school (Private vs. public, 2013) . Theres a similar difference between curriculum development in private and public schools. Public schools must follow state procedures that set out certain standards and assessment procedures. This creates a certain amount of quality control. Private schools, on the other hand, can choose whatever curriculum and assessment model they wish. This freedom to design their own curriculum or avoid standardized tests can result in higher or lower standards for students. In public schools the parental support depends on the community of the school and how important the parent believes their child’s education is. Some people do not value their child’s education and send the children to school because it is a requirement. Private schools have tremendous parent support paying for education is a guarantee that parents will be involved, so they can see where their monies are being used for. Whether, public or private school parental involvement is important for academic growth and success of a child. Parental involvement is an issue for public schools. There are ways to try to get parents into the school, but they may not work. I don’t believe that a majority of the public schools parents do not care. It could be they do not have the flexibility in their job to leave, transportation, and if there is an event during the day at school parents are not allowed to bring younger siblings. Private schools have ample parent involvement because the parents make monetary investments in their child’s education; therefore they want to see where there money is going. Offer opportunities for students to bond with subjects in an array of meaningful ways through using supportive learning, appealing coursework, hands-on experiences, and other vigorous learning tactics. Gain knowledge of the students’ knowledge, notions, or false impressions by using pre-tests, and on paper or verbal lessons designed to inform a teacher of a students’ thoughts about an issue. Help students become more conscious by modeling the way you think as you are solving a problem, analyze the students work in front of the class. Teach skills, such as setting objectives, making predictions, and checking for constancy. Having students write in a journal or have students explain their process for solving the problem will help with metacognition. The benefits of public schools teachers have more qualifications; they may hold master degrees or have special training in a certain subject. In public schools students study core subjects and have access to the updated technology. Lastly, the population of public schools is more diverse. The benefits of private schools are; class sizes are small, parent involvement is strong and private schools do not have to comply with state standards so students are not stressed with having to take state standardized test.

Against Ufos Essays - Ufology, Ufologists, , Term Papers

Against Ufos UFOs: Neither Here nor There Throughout the past, the existence of unidentified flying objects and aliens has been disputed over and over. Many different platforms and viewpoints have been taken in order to support the respective sides of the issue. The main argument against intelligent life existing somewhere other than Earth is that of where they derive. The truth of the matter is there is no place in the universe that UFOs and aliens could exist. Skeptics are faced with the fact that modern science has stated that no other orbital body in our solar system or immediate surrounding area is able to sustain life (Blum, 1990). Our solar system is a collection of planets, comets, and assorted chunks of rock. Despite the similarity in appearance, there are startling differences between the various bodies in the solar system, and especially between the planets(David, 1967). Mars, the planet most often associated with aliens, has been tested by scientists with an instrument called the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer and ?. . .it found no signs whatever of any organic compounds on Mars (Man, 1985, p. 69).? This was a great leap in the debate over intelligent life as it finally put to rest the idea that Mars was the home of alien life(Man, 1985). Debaters now quickly jumped to the idea that life existed on any number of the other planets. Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, has no way of sustaining life as it is an airless and waterless mass. The planet also exhibits extreme temperatures up to 660 degree Fahrenheit thanks to its location relative to the sun(Rivera, http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3852/mercury.htm [2001]). It is unlikely that life exists on Venus because of it's atmosphere and temperature. The green planet's atmosphere exerts 90 times the pressure of Earth's and traps all the sun's heat that enters it causing extreme and intolerable temperatures that average 900 degrees Fahrenheit(Hamilton, http://www.solarviews.com/eng/venus.htm [2001]). Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are made of almost entirely the same substances as each other. Made up of liquids and gases, the outer planets make it simply impossible to land a spacecraft on any of them(Man, 1985). After availing themselves to these facts, supporters still argue with the new conjecture that aliens come from outside our solar system. However, any immediate object outside our solar system that is vast enough to possibly maintain life has been investigated and shown to have no life(David (Ed.), 1967). In addition, all celestial bodies outside of the direct rays of the sun show alarming similarities in that none of which have enough solid mass to support the landing of any spacecraft, and that they show no method for sustaining life(Man, 1985). This pattern seems to be true for the rest of space, but, even with skeptics pushing the envelope further and further, scientists now have yet another way of disproving the existence of extraterrestrials. After disproving theories up to a certain point in space, scientists state that in order to subsist further away than what is known would force spacecraft to travel at speeds greater than light. This type of travel is simply impossible, due to the needed technology to produce vehicles that are able to maneuver the universe immaculately and without crashing at speeds exceeding 700,000,000 miles per hour(Setter, http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/AndyPage/WWWUFO.htm [2001]). The skeptics who state UFOs and aliens exist are faced with the simple fact that there are no hard facts to support their case(Vallee, 1966). Never in history has the government, along with the top scientists and astronomers in the world, of any country filed any flying saucer sightings as Alien Species(David, 1967). One point is illustrated best by an excerpt from The UFO Enigma in which the author tells us that a typical UFO observer would be an ?. . .unstable single or unhappily married clerk . . .a college student filled with youthful enthusiasm, or some spiritualistic soul in quest of unearthly experiences(Vallee, 1966, p. 160).? I believe this statement sums up why there are still people in this world who believe in Aliens and UFOs. Also, with the amount of media existing today, it is extremely difficult to believe that no news show or media broadcasting company has ever recognized any UFO report on national

Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Example

  Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Example   Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Populations in freshwater Ecosystems Essay Essay Topic: Ecosystems Aim: To compare two or more fresh water ecosysterms at the wetlands center. In this study I will want to compare two ecosystems. I predict that pollution in the water will be quite minimal because the freshwater habitats are under conservation . Also the other reason being that the people working on the habitats will try to keep it a healthy habitat with a good balance at each trophic level so that the animals will live. Ipredict that the nitrate levels to be quite high in a habitat with other animals such as ducks. The reason being that the excrement will cause the process of eurification and make the levels higher. I also predict that the Oxygen levels will be quite high (about 8 parts per million), because the conservationists may clean out the excrement .For a healthy habitat the abiotic factors are: * The light level must be good so that- plants can photosynthesize and dont decompose and cause the microbes to use the oxygen. * Temperature is important so that- if the water is too cold the anmals will die and decay and the same if it is too warm. * Flow rate of the water is important so that- the habitat isnt destroyed by the fast water flow. * Nitrate level is essencial- Too much nitrogen is a problem caused by the polluton of algae which restricts the light, this kills the organisms underneeth causing defecation and making organic remains. Then the nitrifying bacteria make nitrates out of the ammonium compuonds. * Oxygen levels- could be a problem if there is the pollution of algae (see nitrate levels), or if there ifs something decomposing then microbes will use up the oxygen. For my investigation I will find the nitrate level by using testing strips and oxyen level by winklers method find the parts per million (ppm). The biotic factors are: * Types of plans- blanket weed and duck weed are both indications of a habitat with low ligh or in the danger of losing light. Mill foil is a good plants as it oxygenates the water. * Features and adaptations of animals- this is something that I will show later on in my investigation. * The number and types of animals- This table shows what species are in high, low or intermediate pollution.(next page) I will look at all three of these biotic factors in my investigation. I predict the more animals there are the less polluted it is because there Is enough oxygen, light, for the organisms to live. I will use various techniqus to examin the different organisms. I will take a sample fron the top, middle and bottom layer of the habitat to get a clearer view. Farmyard freshwater habitat This habitat was shared with some gese aswell as all the animals in the water. This ment that there was a lot of excrement. I was surprised to find out that eventhough there was a lot of excrement, the nitrate level was 0 and the phosphate level was high. The reason being that the water was filterd and removed the nitrates. The oxygen level was also high 9.1 parts per million, due to the water being filtered. The animals that I found ment that habitat was ok, although there was a leech there were not enough to indicate that the habitat was very polluted. The duck weed and algae also indicated the same thing. In the habitat I found: Plants- duck weed and algae Animals- Daphnia, cyclops, leeches and spring tails. Animal What depth found in Number pr sample (A4 paper size tray) estimate Daphnia Top(T), middle(M) and Bottom(B) T= 3500 M= 7000 B= 3000 Cyclops T,M,B T= 100 M= 80 B= 40 Spring tails M M= 2 Leeches B B= 1 Small freshwater habitat This habitat was smaller but deeper thatn the other habitat. It also did not share the habitat with any other animals. This ment that the water would be cleaner thatn the other habitat. This showed in the type of animals and the oxygen level being 9.2ppm. The nitrogen level was 0 again due to the water being filtered. He indications of this habitat being clean was the growth of mill foil and water mites. Plants- mill foil and algae Animals- flat worm, water mite, cyclops, water snail and water flea. Animal What depth found in Number pr sample (A4 paper size tray) estimate Flat worm T 1 Water mite T 1 Cyclops T,B T= 50 B=40 Water snail M M= 1 Water flea M,B M= 20 B= 10 Here is a food web for fresh water habitats: Daphnia flat worm Planarians have extraordinary powers of regeneration and they normally reproduce by pulling in two. The fragments then regenerate their missing parts. water mite Water Mites have a globular, sack-like body and are related to spiders. They have eight legs and a line that separates their thorax from their abdomen. Some water mites are parasitic and suck off the gills of fresh water clams and mussels. Some water mites have special hairs on their legs that help them swim. Cyclops is a genus of copepods named for the animals single eyespot, reminiscent of the one-eyed monster in Greek mythology. Although most species of Cyclops are marine, many are commonly found in quiet freshwater habitats. Common Name: Fresh Water Snail or Planorbis Scientific Name: Planorbis leavis Taxonomy: Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Pulmonata aquatica Planorbidae Physical Description: This snail appears like a smaller and darker colored version of the garden snail. They have a spiral shell that is almost spherical and a body that is the same color as raw liver. Their shells are a lighter dark brown than the bodies. Behavior: This snail spends its life under the water in calm pools. They stick to rocks and feed on the algae and bacteria that grow on them. Breeding takes place in the spring, and the snails are often hermaphroditic, but still require another mate for fertilization. Prey and Predators: Crayfish, skunks, opossums, and amphibians will eat these small gastropods. The planorbis is hardly an aggressive predator, but they eat the microscopic organisms with less intelligence than themselves. Signs of Existence: These snails can be found on any hard surfaces in the calm parts of the water. They share the same pools as many crayfish, but are more easily spotted because of their large numbers. water flea Water fleas belong to the Crustacea, a large group of jointed limbed animals, most of which live in water. Water fleas are placed in the order Cladocera and are probably called fleas because they move through the water by a sort of hopping. Water fleas are very common in fresh water, in Britain you can find about 80 different species, in The Netherlands about a 100 species. Many of them are rare. The chief characteristic of the water fleas is that the main part of the body is enclosed in a kind of shell, with the appearance of two lids, but made of one piece. Because you can see through them, you can study for instance the beating of the heart and follow the course of the blood cells round part of the body. Their sizes differ from several hundred microns to more than five millimeter for the larger species. The common water flea, Daphnia pulex can be found in almost all sorts of eutrophic (rich in nutrients) waters. They reproduce in summer mostly parthenogenetic, that is, the eggs develop without undergoing fertilization. At the end of the summer, some of the eggs develop into the smaller males, capable of fertilizing the eggs in females, which then develop into the so called winter eggs; mostly only one or two are present in the females. These eggs can also be found in populations under stress, such as during the drying up of a pond. leeches Leeches are classified as annelids, or segmented worms. They are related to earthworms and share many traits. They are found in shallow ponds, lakes, and marshes. Some leeches have even been found to live in small desert water holes as well as in antarctic waters. Most leeches live in water; however, some leeches are amphibious. Other leeches are called land leeches and live in moist regions around the world. Leeches can be found nearly every place there is water. Shallow ponds, lakes, and marshes are popular leech collecting sites. The best time for leech collecting is during the spring and summer. Most leeches are nocturnal and avoid light. Leeches can often be found in shady areas of ponds or in dark places under rocks, logs, and debris of the bottom of lakes. spring tails Springtails sometimes cause alarm to homeowners when seen outdoors in enormous numbers, appearing as piles of soot in driveways, backyards, on mud puddle surfaces, etc. Occasionally, they enter the home where dampness occurs such as in basements, cellars, bathrooms, and kitchens, especially near drains, leaking water pipes, sinks, and in the soil of over-watered house plants. They usually appear in the spring and early summer but can be found all year round. Some are known as snow fleas, appearing on the top of snow during late winter and early spring. These very small, leaping insects do not bite humans, spread disease, nor damage household furnishings. They are usually a nuisance by their presence. Springtails are minute, wingless insects about 1/16 to 1/8 inch (1 to 2 mm) long. Colors vary from white, gray, yellow, orange, metallic green, lavender to red with some being patterned or mottled. They get their name from the ability to catapult themselves (leap) through the air three to four inches by means of a taillike mechanism (furcula) tucked under the abdomen. When disturbed, this appendage functions as a spring, propelling them into the air away from the danger source. Young resemble adults except for size and color. Eggs are spherical. Because both habitats are in conservaton and filtered the nitrate level is 0. The health of the pond is not normally that good in the city due to the pollution given off by cars and so on. For more accurate readings of the animals I could have calculated the sizes more accuraltely. This could have an effect on my results.